Festa of the Immacolata
On December 8, a religious observation is also a national holiday that kicks off the Christmas season in Italy. Known as the Immacolata Concezione, the festa has roots that go back to the 8th century, brought to Italy by Byzantine monks. It was observed as a religious day with a Mass and maybe a procession in many places for centuries.
It was Pope Pius IX who put it on the Catholic calendar in 1854 with the release of his Ineffabilis Deus papal bull that declared it a holiday and explained the dogma around it -that the conception and birth of Mary as being without original sin and thus she was chosen and created by God for the task of bearing the Messiah, and therefore she was immacolata (pure). Others say it is about the Virgin Mary becoming pregnant with Jesus by miraculous means. Whatever the thought or dogma, the festival is nationally celebrated as the day that families gather to trim the trees, put up the presepe (nativity creche) and of course, eat! (This is Italy ;) the iconography normally has Mary standing on the globe with cherubs beneath or surrounding her, and often with a halo of stars around her head (though not always).
Towns in some regions, like Campania, Puglia and Basilicata, may light bonfires and prepare pettole (or frittelle) -fried dough covered in honey. It is also often the day of the tree-lighting ceremonies or when public holiday lights are officially turned on with fanfare.